Michael Birkner, Professor of History and Benjamin Franklin Professor of the Liberal Arts, presented a paper titled "'Not Yet Ready': Australian University Libraries and Carnegie Corporation Philanthropy, 1935-1945" on June 26, 2009, at the 9th Conference on Australian Library History, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia. A window into post World War II university library evolution in Australia, the paper explored the Carnegie Corporation of New York's efforts to modernize and professionalize libraries in Australia by focusing on university library culture. Birkner described the goals of Corporation President Frederick Keppel and his consultants and considered why Australian libraries were, with one exception, unready to meet the conditions for funding from the Corporation.