SOC 302: Introduction to Methods of Social Research

Gettysburg College

Fall, 2008

 

WF 11:00-12:15

Breidenbaugh 112

Instructor: Jean L. Potuchek

Email: jpotuche@gettysburg.edu

Telephone: 337-6196

Office: Trailer 1-D

Office Hours: T 9:00-11:00;

W 9:00-10:00 & 2:00-4:00;         Th 9:00-10:30 & 2:30-3:30;

F 1:00-3:00; & by appointment

 

 

One of the defining characteristics of all the social sciences, including sociology, is a commitment to empirical research as the basis for knowledge. This course is designed to provide you with a basic understanding of research in the social sciences and to enable you to think like a social scientist. We will focus on such issues as the relationship between theory and research, the logic of research design, issues of conceptualization and measurement, basic methods of data collection, and what social scientists do with data once they have collected it. By the end of the course, you should be able to turn an interest into a research question, plan a research project to study such a question, understand how to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research strategies, and read (with understanding) published accounts of social science research.

No course stands alone, and you are encouraged to think of this course not as an isolated requirement that you need to “get out of the way” but as part of the core of your Gettysburg College education.  A Gettysburg College education is organized around four major goals – learning how to look at the world from multiple perspectives (multiple inquiries), learning how to combine different perspectives into a deeper understanding (integrative thinking), learning how to share knowledge and understanding with others (effective communication), and learning how to use what you know to make a contribution to communal life (local and global citizenship).  This course addresses all of these goals.  It will deepen and strengthen your understanding of social science as a mode of inquiry (mutiple inquiries), and our focus on the communication conventions of sociology will make your social science writing stronger (effective communication).  For those who are sociology or globalization studies majors, this course will provide an essential foundation for the capstone experience that you will use to integrate your learning in your major (integrative thinking).  Finally, our focus on how we know what we know will prepare you to evaluate truth claims more effectively now and in the future – a particularly useful skill in an election year (local and global citizenship).

 

Readings

The following required readings for the course are either available for purchase at the College Store or on reserve (in Musselman Library and as electronic reserves):

Books to Purchase:

The following required textbook for the course is available at the college bookstore:

Earl Babbie, The Basics of Social Research, 4th edition. Thomson/Wadsworth, 2008

American Sociological Association, ASA Style Guide, 3rd edition. 

In addition, each student in the course will read and develop a thorough knowledge of a book-length research monograph. There are two monographs to choose from, I will assign monographs the first day of class, and you will be asked to purchase either

Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Men and Women of the Corporation (Basic Books, 1993)

or

Kathryn Edin and Laura Lein, Making Ends Meet (Russell Sage Foundation, 1997)

Reserve Readings:

The following additional readings for the course are on reserve at Musselman Library and on CNAV; they are designated by (R) on the syllabus:

Liliane Floge and Deborah M. Merrill, "Tokenism Reconsidered: Male Nurses and Female Physicians in a Hospital Setting," Social Forces, 64:4 (June, 1986), pp. 925-947.

Robert R. Alford, "Designing a Research Project," pp. 21-31 in The Craft of Inquiry: Theories, Methods, Evidence (Oxford University Press, 1998)

Singleton and Straits, “The Logic of Scientific Reasoning,” pp. 40-62 in Approaches to Social Research, 3rd edition (Oxford University Press, 1999)

Others, to be announced (TBA)

Assignments

Index Cards

This is a daily assignment designed to help you review the material from the previous class session in preparation for the coming class.  As you enter the classroom on each Wednesday and Friday, you will turn in an index card with either (a) a question you have about the material from the previous class or (b) an example of a concept covered in the previous class.  This is an assignment that you are actually encouraged to do at the last minute (either the morning of class or the night before)!  It should only take you about 15 minutes to review your notes from the previous class and develop either a question or an example.  Index cards will not be graded, but they will be marked as completed or not.  You may miss 3 index cards without penalty.  However, anyone who misses more than 3 index cards (or, by extension, is absent or late for more than 3 class sessions) will automatically receive an F for class attendance and participation.  Index Cards are never accepted late.

 

Brief Assignments

You will also be expected to complete a series of homework exercises that will involve applying course material. These "brief assignments" are due weekly, except in weeks when a research proposal step is due or when there is an exam.  Brief assignments will sometimes be used as the basis of class discussion, and are due in at class time (except where late points are being used). 

Research Proposal

As a major written assignment for the course, each student will develop a formal research proposal. You will be guided through this assignment in manageable steps, and through it, you will integrate what you are learning in the course and get practice in thinking like a social scientist. You may choose any appropriate sociological topic or question that is of interest to you (including one that you are working on for another course).  Research proposal steps are due at class time; however, those who are in class on the date they are due have an automatic extension until 5:00 p.m.  In addition, late points may be used for steps of the research proposal.

All assignments (except index cards) must be typed. Any brief assignments or research proposal steps that are handed in handwritten will be returned for typing and counted as late.

Late Points:  Each student begins the course with two late points, each of which may be used for up to 24 hours of lateness on any brief assignment or research proposal step. Extensions beyond these late points will be granted only in extraordinary circumstances. Late assignments that are not covered by available late points or other extensions will be read and returned with comments but will be graded as not submitted.

Exams

There will be three exams for the course, one covering the first third of the course, one covering the second third of the course, and a cumulative final. Each exam will include a variety of question types (including multiple choice, short answer, and essay).

Expectations

  • This is a critical core course for the sociology major.  As such, it is an intensive course and will demand a heavy commitment of time and energy. You should expect to spend 11-12 hours per week on this course, including 2˝ hours in class, 5-6 hours reading for class and studying class notes, and 3-4 hours working on written assignments.
  • Before coming to class, you should do the reading for that class session, complete any brief assignments due that day, review your notes from the previous class session, and complete your index card.
  • You should come to class prepared to actively participate in discussion and application of material being studied that day. In order to do this, you should always bring the reading for that day and your research monograph (Kanter or Edin & Lein) to class with you.
  • Please make sure that all cell phones are turned off before you enter the classroom.
  • You should plan to attend all class sessions. If you do miss a class session, you are expected to get notes immediately from another student, to review these notes, and to meet with me to go over any questions or confusion.
  • From time to time, you will be expected to attend department or class events scheduled at the off-common-hour time (Thursdays, 11:30 - 1:00). Please do not schedule any job hours or other conflicts at this time.

Grading

Final grades for the course will be calculated as follows:

Syllabus Quiz

-

  1%

Class Attendance and Participation

-

19%

Brief Assignments

-

20%

Research Proposal

-

30%

Exams (10% each)

-

30%

 

Angel Web Site

An extensive Internet web site for this course is maintained in Angel.  There you can find course information and assignments, copies of course handouts and discussion exercises, and a grade book for the course. You can get to this web site via CNAV (your “this semester” page) or by going to the "Current Student” homepage of the Gettysburg College website. 

 

Class Schedule

 

Date

Topic/Activity

Readings

W Sept. 3

Introductions

 

 

OVERVIEW

F Sept. 5

The Logic of Social Science Research

Babbie, Preface and pp. 1-15;

Edin & Lein, Forward and Chapter 1 OR Kanter, Preface, Introduction, and Chapters 1-2

W Sept. 10

Data Collection and Data Analysis

** Brief Assignment 1 Due**

Babbie, pp. 15-31;

Edin & Lein, Chapters 2-3 and Appendix A

OR Kanter, Chapters 3-4 and Appendixes I, II

F Sept. 12

Research Reports

Babbie, Chapter 15;

Any two research articles from a sociology journal;

Edin & Lein, Chapter 4

OR Kanter, Chapter 5

 

 

THE LOGIC OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH

W Sept. 17

The Nature of Social Science Research

**Brief Assignment 2 Due**

Babbie, pp. 32-54

F Sept. 19

The Relationship Between Research and Theory – Theory Testing

Babbie, pp. 54-56;

Floge & Merrill (R);

Edin & Lein, Chapters 5-6

OR Kanter, Chapters 6-7

W Sept. 24

The Relationship Between Research and Theory – Theory Building

** Proposal Step 1 Due**

Babbie, pp. 56-63;

[Reserve Reading TBA];

Edin & Lein, Chapters 7-8

OR Kanter, Chapters 8-10

F Sept. 26

Inductive and Deductive Logic

**Brief Assignment 3 Due**

Singleton and Straits, “The Logic of Scientific Reasoning” (R)

 

THE LOGIC OF RESEARCH DESIGN

W Oct. 1

Ethical Issues in Research Design

Babbie, Chapter 3;

See: Quiet Rage: The Stanford Prison Experiment

F Oct. 3

Research Purposes and Research Questions

**Brief Assignment 4 Due**

Babbie, pp. 92-99;

Alford (R);

[Reserve Reading TBA]

W Oct. 8

Variables, Relationships Between Variables and Causal Inference

Babbie, pp. 99-103

F Oct. 10

Research Design – Unites of Analysis, Time Dimension and Measurement

**Proposal Step 2 Due**

**Exam 1 Distributed**

Babbie, pp. 104-156

 

Reading Days

 

W Oct. 15

Measurement – Reliability and Validity

** Class Meeting Time TBA**

Babbie, pp. 156-197

F Oct. 17

Sampling

 

Babbie, pp. 198-211;

[Reserve Reading TBA]

M Oct. 20

** Exam 1 Due**

 

W Oct. 22

Sampling (continued)

Babbie, pp. 211-241

 

F Oct. 24

Experimental Design

**Brief Assignment 5 Due**

Babbie, pp. 242-253

W Oct. 29

Experimental Design (continued)

Babbie, pp. 253-267

F Oct. 31

Evaluating Research Designs

**Proposal Step 3 Due**

 

 

COLLECTING DATA

W Nov. 5

Asking Questions

Babbie, pp. 268-286

F Nov. 7

Asking Questions

**Brief Assignment 6 Due**

Babbie, pp. 286-311

W Nov. 12

Observing Behavior

**Exam 2 Distributed**

Babbie, Chapter 10

[Reserve Reading TBA]

F Nov. 14

Studying Artifacts

Babbie, Chapter 11

 

ANALYZING DATA

M Nov. 17

** Proposal Step 4 Due**

 

W Nov. 19

Qualitative Analysis

Babbie, Chapter 13

F Nov. 21

Quantitative Analysis – Univariate

Babbie, pp. 442-455

 

Thanksgiving Recess

 

M Dec. 1

** Exam 2 Due**

 

W Dec. 3

Quantitative Analysis – Bivariate

Babbie, pp. 455-463

F Dec. 5

Quantitative Analysis – Multivariate

**Brief Assignment 7 Due**

Babbie, pp. 463-469

W Dec. 10

Quantitative Analysis – Inferential Statistics

 

F Dec. 12

Summing Up and Course Evaluations

** Final Research Proposal Due**