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Gettysburg College’s distinctive Civil War Era Studies (CWES) minor, housed in the Civil War Institute, draws on the college’s unique historical location to integrate classroom experiences and experiential learning with the power of place. Minors have access to a wide range of courses, fellowship experiences, internship opportunities, and scholarly networks to enhance their understanding of the Civil War era and its continued resonance in contemporary American society.

At Gettysburg, the battlefield itself serves as an outdoor classroom for the study of the Civil War – but that study extends far beyond the field itself to encompass the social, cultural, artistic, economic, literary, and political dimensions of the conflict itself and the years that preceded and followed it. Students also have many opportunities to explore how the events and unresolved questions of the Civil War and Reconstruction period continue to affect American society in the 21st century and how historical memory of the era has been constructed and deployed over time.

Recent Graduates Are Employed By

  • National Park Service
  • Smithsonian National Air & Space Museum
  • Sam Houston State University
  • Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
  • Thomas Jefferson Foundation
  • Four Score Consulting, LLC
  • Cardinal Education
  • Pamplin Historical Park
  • City of Columbia, SC
  • SAE International
  • Old Dominion University

Student Opportunities

Civil War Institute Fellows Program

The Fellows program provides a unique opportunity for students to participate in a shared intellectual experience centered around the American Civil War and take advantage of the unique resources provided by Gettysburg’s distinctive historical location. CWI Fellows expand their knowledge of the long Civil War era through facilitated discussion, experiential learning opportunities on the battlefield and in local museums, and, at times, participation in digital and video projects. Fellows’ selection for the next academic year takes place in late spring.

Funded Internship Program

The Civil War Institute’s Funded Program provides 10-week stipendiary summer internships at some of the nation’s best-known Civil War sites. Students selected to participate in the program work at well-known National Parks and private museums, giving public tours of iconic historic sites, gaining hands-on experience with original artifacts and documents, leading educational programs, supporting public programming, assisting with the preservation and management of historic landscapes, doing policy and marketing work, and contributing to ongoing digital history initiatives. Participants receive a $2,500 stipend from CWI and free on-site housing at their respective sites. The Funded Internship Program is open to all matriculated Gettysburg College students regardless of major, although first-year, sophomore, and junior students receive priority in the selection process.

The Civil War Institute’s First Year Experience Program

This all-volunteer program is open to any First-Year students seeking to hone their skills as historians and eager to connect with Civil War scholars and engage in fun, interactive explorations of the Gettysburg battlefield. Meetings take place roughly twice per semester, and will include field experiences on the battlefield, discussions on primary source documents, or Zoom conversations with Civil War scholars and public historians to learn more about the Civil War era and the craft of public history, including preservation, interpretation, museum management & curation, and more.

Learning Outcomes

Students in the Civil War Era Studies Minor program 

  • Through exposure to the diverse lenses provided by literature, anthropology, visual art, political science, and history, students will develop an interdisciplinary understanding of the Civil War Era.
  • Students will recognize the important political and military events of the Civil War Era within a national and international context.
  • Students will understand the cultural, religious, and intellectual life of the antebellum North and South, and be able to describe the coming of the Civil War, Northern victory/Southern defeat, and the process of emancipation and Reconstruction.
  • Students will be challenged to develop a sophisticated understanding of the diversity of lived experience during the Civil War era, placing great emphasis on the experiences of enslaved and free Blacks, other people of color, women, immigrants, and the working poor, before, during, and in the aftermath of the war.
  • Students will demonstrate an understanding of the complex ways in which the political, economic, racial, medical, and regional ramifications of the Civil War and Reconstruction era continue to resonate in contemporary American society, particularly as expressed in ongoing black freedom struggles.

Faculty and Staff

  • Jim Downs, Gilder Lehrman NEH Chair of Civil War Era Studies and History, Civil War Era Studies
  • Scott Hancock, Professor, History
  • Ian Andrew Isherwood, Professor, Interdisciplinary Studies
  • Jack Ryan, Associate Professor, English
  • Thomas Pegram, Adjunct Professor, Civil War Era Studies
  • Carol Reardon, Adjunct Professor, Civil War Era Studies
  • Triada Chavis, Academic Coordinator, Academic Operations
  • Jill Ogline Titus, Associate Director of CWI; Co-Chair Public History, Civil War Institute Office

Civil War Era Studies Courses

200 Level

This course has two objectives: firstly, to conduct an interdisciplinary investigation of the various ways that the medical profession, patients, and the state narrate illness; secondly to chart the history of medicine and public health, paying particular attention to the changing roles of doctors, the history of disease causation, and how these two phenomena overlap especially in the mid to late nineteenth century. While this course covers a broad chronology, it focuses on the Civil War era, which gave rise to sanitary principles and provided the foundation for the bacteriological revolution at the end of the nineteenth century. CWES 212 and HIST 212 are cross-listed.

This course introduces students to the study of warfare from an interdisciplinary context. Students will approach the subject of war through five distinct perspectives: the philosophy of war; the history of war; the experience of war; war, culture, and society; and the memory of war. The overall goal of the class for students to develop a sophisticated approach to the study of war through an interdisciplinary way of analyzing conflicts both in the past, but also, in our present. By the end of the semester, students will endeavor to answer the following questions: what is war; how does war affect participants/victims; how do societies remember war?

This course examines American visual culture in the Civil War period, encompassing painting, sculpture, prints, and photography. It treats works that directly depict aspects of the conflict, and those that address how everyday life and perceptions of what it meant to be American were shaped by the war and its aftermath. We examine how the making and circulation of images shifted during this pivotal period. ARTH 226 and CWES 226 are cross-listed.

Despite the ratification of Constitutional amendments after the Civil War, which provided Black people with both citizenship and voting rights, there has been both legal and customary efforts to block Black people from gaining access to these rights. This course examines those prohibitions but it also centers how Black people have responded; and in so doing it charts the rise of Black protest from the Reconstruction period to Black Lives Matter.

Exploring the diverse, complex, and coercive forms of enslavement from European contact to the beginning of the American Civil War---This is the line of inquiry that runs through this course. Recovering the experiences of the enslaved offers students an opportunity to see how systems of oppression did not mute black voices. Primary sources, especially memoirs, are essential to this class. Material and visual culture of enslaved people also figures prominently in class research projects. Racial theory provides students a chance to see how ideologies of oppression arise out of specific, but changing historical circumstances, a critical learning goal of this course. CWES 240 and AFS 240 are cross-listed.

Drawing on a range of interdisciplinary sources—government documents, newspapers, medical and archeological records, slave narratives, film, art, theater productions, and music—this course interrogates how ideas about race and slavery were at the center of Northern culture. The course explores a range of topics from the Constitution and the Fugitive Slave Act to the first ever prison for profit in Auburn, NY and slave narratives to minstrel shows performed by working-class white immigrants and the rise of white nativism. CWES 242 and HIST 242 are cross-listed.

Study of the role of Civil War history and mythology in America's self-understanding and its continuing problem of race. Integrating Civil War Era Studies, Literature, Film Studies, and Political Science, the class seeks to understand the Jim Crow Era, the Civil Rights Movement, and the elections of 2008 and 2016. The class centers on the book and movie, Gone With The Wind, but will view other significant films pertaining to "race and reunion."

An exploration of Abraham Lincoln’s life as a way to understand the many facets of the Civil War era. Students will examine Lincoln’s formative years in Kentucky and Indiana, his political and legal maneuverings in Illinois, and his presidency in Washington. How Americans have remembered Lincoln, and the ways in which his image has served a wide variety of political agendas will receive attention. Reading Lincoln’s own words will also be a major component of the class. CWES 246 and HIST 246 are cross-listed.

Topics course in Civil War Era Studies

Using artifacts associated with the American Civil War as a lens for exploring museum collections, this course will introduce students to the history, methods, and practices of interpreting and preserving Civil War collections across a spectrum of disciplines (including art, history, archaeology, and ethnography). It will also explore the methods used to understand the significance of objects and collections, the techniques used to bring them to light in the exhibit environment, and the principles and practices that ensure their longevity for future visitors and scholars. CWES 285 and IDS 285 are cross-listed.

Interdisciplinary introduction to the Civil War Era (roughly 1848-1877) in American history. Student is introduced to the basic history of the Civil War, with an emphasis on the fundamental causes of the war, the war years themselves, both at home and on the battlefield, and Reconstruction period. Assigned readings include a mix of primary sources and a basic survey text. History majors may count CWES 205 as a major course.

300 Level

his course examines how physicians throughout the British and American empires in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries depended upon populations of dispossessed people of color in Africa, the Caribbean, the American South, India, Latin America, and other parts of the world to advance new theories about the cause of disease transmission. CWES 305 and HIST 305 are cross-listed.

Study of the experiences of women and men during the Civil War era (app. 1840-1870s), with particular attention given to the following questions: How did the public role of women evolve during these decades? How did the experiences of women and men vary according to race, class, condition of servitude and location? How did the war illuminate or challenge existing gender roles? How did the military experiences of the war shape notions of masculinity? Offered as staffing permits. CWES 352 and HIST 352 are cross-listed.

Soldier in the Confederate Army, Connecticut Yankee, friend of U. S. Grant, favorite speaker at Grand Army of the Republic Reunions. Mark Twain called himself "not an American, but THE American." No American author wrote more incisively about race, war, reconstruction, and the American Way. Mr. Clemens fought his own personal civil war against Mark Twain, and lost.

An exploration of the various aspects of Reconstruction, including political conflicts over how the defeated South would be treated, the struggle over civil rights for African Americans, an overview of Reconstruction historiography, the contested nature of Civil War memory, and the enduring legacy of this vital yet often overlooked period of our past.

This is a course on the experience of war and how memories of war transform history. Students will access this theme by examining memory sources that detail and represent these experiences over time. The course’s methodological themes will address the following: the experience of war, the memory of participants and their representations of war, the writing of history and the mythologies created by conflicts and their chroniclers. By studying the cultural history of combat and its aftermath, students will learn something about the way history is written and historical events depicted over time. Through interdisciplinary representations of war in film and literature, it is hoped that students will gain an understanding of the changing perceptions of wars.

This is a course designed to give students and understanding of the nature of war on a global scale during the nineteenth century. Students will study the history of specific conflicts – their origins and nature – but also the ways in which war changed and transformed over the course of the ‘long’ nineteenth century. The hope for this course is that students who are interested in the American Civil War can gain further appreciation of the political and military changes associated with an age marked by conflicts of state formation and imperial expansion.

400 Level

Individualized tutorial counting toward the minimum requirements in a major or minor, graded A-F.

Individualized research counting toward the minimum requirements in a major or minor, graded A-F.

Internship counting toward the minimum requirements in a major or minor, graded A-F.

Summer Internship graded S/U, counting in the minimum requirements for a major or minor only with written permission filed in the Registrar's Office.

Half credit internship, graded S/U.

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